The chilling thing about Himmler is how ordinary the ingredients were. A middle-class Munich kid, a schoolteacher’s son, “intelligent, well-organized, fervently patriotic”, who studied agriculture and worked in a manure-processing plant before finding the Nazi party. From 280 bodyguards in 1929 he built the SS into a state within the state: the Gestapo, the concentration camp system, and ultimately the machinery of the “Final Solution”.

His power came from bureaucratic skill, not charisma: he placed his organizations outside any legal or judicial review, answering only to Hitler’s “Führer authority”. Genocide, administered like an org chart. A reminder that great organizational talent is morally neutral, it matters enormously what it’s pointed at.